國中教育會考 八~九年級 文法

被動語態

Passive Voice

內容概述

被動語態的公式是「be 動詞 + 過去分詞(p.p.)」,重點在於:主詞是「動作的承受者」時用被動。會考常以「物品被製造/書被寫/建築被建造」等情境出題,並考驗 be 動詞隨時態變化的能力(is made / was made / will be made / has been made)。

學習重點

  1. 1基本公式:主詞 + be + p.p.(+ by 行為者);by 之後接受格
  2. 2時態變化在 be 動詞上:is/are + p.p.(現在)、was/were + p.p.(過去)、will be + p.p.(未來)
  3. 3情態助動詞被動:can/should/must + be + p.p.,如 The rule must be followed.
  4. 4判斷主被動:主詞會不會「自己做」這個動作?書不會自己寫 → The book was written by...
  5. 5高頻被動片語:be made of/from(材料)、be interested in、be surprised at、be covered with

國中教育會考出題趨勢:會考幾乎每年一題被動語態,最愛考「主詞與動詞的主被動關係判斷」,其次是 be made of(看得出原料)與 be made from(看不出原料)的區別。

108 課綱對應

進階探究・深度解析

「情緒動詞」的主被動是台灣學生最容易錯的:interest、bore、surprise、excite 等動詞,「人」當主詞用 -ed(be interested in),「事物」當主詞用 -ing(The movie is interesting.)。記法:事物「發出」刺激用 -ing,人「接收」感受用 -ed。

連綴動詞的假被動陷阱:taste、smell、look、feel 接形容詞不用被動,如 The soup tastes good.(不是 is tasted good),會考曾在選項中故意放 is tasted 誘答。

章節試題(4 題・附詳解)

1.基礎These cookies ______ by my mother every weekend. They are so delicious!

測驗重點:被動語態基本公式

  1. (A) make
  2. (B) made
  3. (C) are made
  4. (D) are making
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(C) are made

主詞 cookies(餅乾)不會自己做餅乾,是「被做」的承受者,用被動語態 be + p.p.。every weekend 表習慣用現在式,主詞複數配 are,故選 are made。判斷主被動的口訣:主詞會不會自己做這個動作?

2.中等The Taipei 101 ______ in 2004. It was once the tallest building in the world.

測驗重點:過去式被動語態

  1. (A) built
  2. (B) was built
  3. (C) has built
  4. (D) is building
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) was built

大樓是「被建造」的,且 in 2004 為明確過去時間,用過去式被動 was built。(A) built 是主動過去式(大樓不會自己蓋自己);(C) 現在完成式不可與明確過去時間連用;(D) 主動進行式主被動與時態都錯。

3.中等Paper ______ wood, but you can't see the wood in it anymore.

測驗重點:be made of / from 的區別

  1. (A) is made of
  2. (B) is made from
  3. (C) is made by
  4. (D) is made in
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) is made from

be made from 表「看不出原料」(紙看不出木頭的樣子),be made of 表「看得出原料」(The desk is made of wood. 桌子看得出是木頭)。題目後半 you can't see the wood 就是關鍵提示。by 接製造者、in 接地點,語意不合。

4.進階The students were ______ at the ______ news that the field trip was canceled.

測驗重點:情緒動詞的 -ed / -ing 判斷

  1. (A) surprised; surprising
  2. (B) surprising; surprised
  3. (C) surprised; surprised
  4. (D) surprising; surprising
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(A) surprised; surprising

「人」接收感受用 -ed(students were surprised),「事物」發出刺激用 -ing(surprising news 令人驚訝的消息)。一格考人、一格考物的雙空題是情緒動詞的經典考法,記住:news、movie、story 等事物永遠用 -ing 修飾。

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