國中教育會考 九年級 文法

關係代名詞與形容詞子句

Relative Clauses

內容概述

關係代名詞(who、which、that)引導形容詞子句,用來修飾前面的名詞(先行詞)。核心判斷:先行詞是「人」用 who/that,是「事物」用 which/that。會考常考「選擇正確關代」與「關代在子句中當主詞或受詞」的觀念。

學習重點

  1. 1先行詞是人 → who / that;先行詞是物或動物 → which / that
  2. 2關代當子句主詞時不可省略:The boy who is singing is my brother.
  3. 3關代當子句受詞時可省略:The book (which/that) I bought is fun.
  4. 4只能用 that 的情況:先行詞有最高級、序數、all/everything/nothing 修飾時
  5. 5關代子句的動詞單複數看「先行詞」:The students who ARE... / The student who IS...

國中教育會考出題趨勢:會考每年 1-2 題,最常考「先行詞判斷(人/物)」與「子句動詞與先行詞的一致性」。閱讀測驗長句中也大量出現關係子句,看懂它是讀懂長文的關鍵。

108 課綱對應

進階探究・深度解析

介係詞 + 關係代名詞的限制:介係詞移到關代前面時只能用 which/whom,不能用 that,如 the house in which I live(○)/ the house in that I live(✗)。

what 不是關係代名詞而是「複合關代」,等於 the thing(s) that,前面不能有先行詞:What he said is true. = The thing that he said is true.,這是進階題的常見考點。

章節試題(4 題・附詳解)

1.基礎The woman ______ is standing by the door is our new English teacher.

測驗重點:先行詞判斷(人/物)

  1. (A) which
  2. (B) who
  3. (C) whose
  4. (D) whom
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) who

先行詞 the woman 是「人」,且關代在子句中當主詞(is standing 的主詞),用 who。(A) which 用於事物;(C) whose 表所有格(後面要接名詞);(D) whom 是受格,不能當子句主詞。

2.中等I like the songs ______ by Jay Chou. They always ______ me of my school days.

測驗重點:關代子句動詞與先行詞一致

  1. (A) which written; remind
  2. (B) that were written; remind
  3. (C) who were written; reminds
  4. (D) that wrote; reminds
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) that were written; remind

歌是「被寫」的,關係子句用被動 that were written(先行詞 songs 是物,用 that/which)。第二句主詞 They 指 songs(複數),動詞用 remind(remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起)。(A) 缺 be 動詞,(C) who 不能接物,(D) wrote 主動語態錯誤。

3.中等In which sentence can we leave out(省略)the relative pronoun?

測驗重點:關代的省略條件

  1. (A) The girl who sits next to me is kind.
  2. (B) The cake which my aunt made was sweet.
  3. (C) The dog that is barking loudly is Max.
  4. (D) The man who called you is waiting outside.
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) The cake which my aunt made was sweet.

關代在子句中當「受詞」時可省略:(B) 中 which 是 made 的受詞(my aunt made the cake),可省略成 The cake my aunt made was sweet.。(A)(C)(D) 的關代都是子句的「主詞」(sits、is barking、called 的主詞),省略後句子會缺主詞,不可省。

4.進階This is the most exciting movie ______ I have ever seen. Choose the BEST answer.

測驗重點:只能用 that 的情況

  1. (A) which
  2. (B) that
  3. (C) whom
  4. (D) what
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) that

先行詞被「最高級」(the most exciting)修飾時,關係代名詞習慣只用 that,不用 which。同樣規則適用於先行詞含序數(the first)、all、everything、nothing 時。(D) what 前面不能有先行詞,是「複合關代」。

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