大學學科能力測驗 高三 文法

倒裝句與強調句型

Never have I seen... / It is... that...

內容概述

倒裝句將否定副詞或特定成分移到句首以強調,主詞與(助)動詞須倒置:①否定副詞開頭——Never have I seen such a view. / Not until then did he realize the truth. / Hardly had I arrived when it rained.②Only 開頭——Only by working hard can we succeed.③So/Neither 簡答——So do I. / Neither can she.④地方副詞開頭(完全倒裝)——Here comes the bus.強調句型 It is/was + 強調部分 + that...可強調主詞、受詞、副詞(時間地點),但不能強調動詞:It was yesterday that I met her.與 not until 結合為 It was not until... that...(學測最愛)。倒裝與強調是高三統整句構,閱讀長難句與翻譯題的高頻結構。

學習重點

  1. 1否定副詞句首倒裝:Never / Seldom / Rarely / Little / Not until / By no means + 助動詞 + S + V——沒有助動詞時借 do/does/did
  2. 2Not until 雙句型:Not until midnight did he come home. = It was not until midnight that he came home.(前倒裝、後不倒裝——最經典陷阱)
  3. 3Hardly/Scarcely... when、No sooner... than:Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang.(過去完成式+倒裝)
  4. 4Only + 副詞(片語/子句)開頭倒裝:Only then did I understand. / Only when you lose it do you know its value.(倒裝在主要子句)
  5. 5So + 助動詞 + S(我也是)/Neither + 助動詞 + S(我也不):助動詞須與前句時態呼應
  6. 6強調句 It is... that... 判別法:刪去 It is 與 that 後句子仍完整=強調句;不完整=其他句型(虛主詞、關係子句)
  7. 7地方副詞完全倒裝:Here comes the bus. / On the hill stands an old temple.(主詞為代名詞時不倒裝:Here it comes.)

大學學科能力測驗出題趨勢:學測常考:①Not until 開頭的倒裝形式與 It was not until... that 的互換;②Only 子句開頭時主要子句倒裝;③No sooner... than / Hardly... when 的搭配與時態(過去完成);④強調句與虛主詞句的判別。閱讀測驗長句中辨識倒裝結構、還原正常語序是理解關鍵。

108 課綱對應

進階探究・深度解析

倒裝的判別核心是「什麼詞在句首」:否定或限制性副詞(never, seldom, little, only...)開頭→部分倒裝(只提助動詞);地方副詞(here, there, on the hill)開頭→完全倒裝(整個動詞提前)。特別注意 Little did he know...(他一點也不知道)——little 在此是否定副詞不是「小」;學測閱讀的敘事文常用這個句型製造懸念。

Only when / Not until 的「倒裝位置」最易錯:倒裝發生在「主要子句」,不在 when/until 引導的副詞子句內——Only when the war ended did people return home.(when 子句正常語序、主句倒裝)。學生常誤把倒裝放進 when 子句。檢查方法:先找出主要子句的主詞動詞,倒裝的一定是它們。

強調句 vs 虛主詞句的一秒判別:It is important that you come early.——刪掉 It is 與 that 得到 important you come early(不通)→ 虛主詞句。It is you that I want to talk to.——刪掉得到 you I want to talk to → I want to talk to you(通)→ 強調句。學測文法題與閱讀理解都考這個判別;強調句的 that 強調人時可換 who,強調時間地點時不可換 when/where(正式文法中仍用 that)。

章節試題(4 題・附詳解)

1.基礎Never _____ such a spectacular fireworks display before.

測驗重點:否定副詞倒裝

  1. (A) I have seen
  2. (B) have I seen
  3. (C) I saw
  4. (D) did I saw
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) have I seen

否定副詞 Never 置於句首時,主詞與助動詞須倒裝:Never have I seen...。(A) 未倒裝;(D) did 之後應接原形 see 且與 before(完成式訊號)不搭。

2.中等It was not until the power went out _____ how much we depend on electricity.

測驗重點:Not until 雙句型

  1. (A) did we realize
  2. (B) that we realized
  3. (C) when we realized
  4. (D) we did realize
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正確答案:(B) that we realized

It was not until... that... 是強調句型,that 之後用「正常語序」:that we realized。倒裝版本是 Not until the power went out did we realize...——「前倒裝、後不倒裝」,兩句型不可混用。(A) 把倒裝誤用進強調句,是本句型最經典的陷阱。

3.中等Only when you step out of your comfort zone _____ real growth.

測驗重點:Only 開頭倒裝

  1. (A) you can experience
  2. (B) can you experience
  3. (C) you experienced
  4. (D) experienced you
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正確答案:(B) can you experience

Only + 副詞子句置於句首時,「主要子句」須倒裝:can you experience。注意倒裝位置在主句而非 when 子句(when 子句 you step... 保持正常語序)。(A) 未倒裝,(C)(D) 形式錯誤。

4.進階下列哪一句的 It is... that... 是「強調句型」(而非虛主詞句)?

測驗重點:強調句判別

  1. (A) It is necessary that everyone wear a helmet.
  2. (B) It is obvious that she is lying.
  3. (C) It is in this very lab that the vaccine was developed.
  4. (D) It is a pity that you missed the concert.
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正確答案:(C) It is in this very lab that the vaccine was developed.

判別法:刪去 It is 與 that 後句子仍完整=強調句。(C) 刪去後得 The vaccine was developed in this very lab.(完整 ✓)——強調地方副詞片語 in this very lab。(A)(B)(D) 刪去後剩 necessary everyone wear...(不通),皆為「虛主詞+that 子句」結構。

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