大學學科能力測驗 高二 文法

分詞構句與分詞形容詞

Walking along the street, I met an old friend.

內容概述

分詞構句是將副詞子句精簡的手法:兩句主詞相同時,刪去連接詞與主詞,動詞改為分詞——主動用 V-ing(When I walked along the street, I met... → Walking along the street, I met...),被動用 p.p.(Because it was written in haste, the report... → Written in haste, the report...)。完成式分詞 Having p.p. 表「先發生」;否定形 Not V-ing 置於分詞前。主詞不同時須保留主詞(獨立分詞構句:Weather permitting, ...)。另外,情緒動詞的分詞形容詞(boring/bored、exciting/excited)用「-ing 修飾事物來源、-ed 修飾人的感受」區分。分詞構句是學測閱讀長句解析與作文加分的關鍵句構。

學習重點

  1. 1改寫三步驟:①刪連接詞 ②主詞相同刪子句主詞 ③動詞變分詞(主動 V-ing/被動 p.p.)
  2. 2被動分詞構句開頭的 Being 常省略:(Being) Tired from work, he went to bed early.——句首直接出現 p.p.
  3. 3Having + p.p. 表示比主要子句「更早發生」:Having finished the homework, she went out to play.
  4. 4否定式:Not knowing what to do, he asked for help.(Not 置於分詞之前)
  5. 5獨立分詞構句(主詞不同須保留):Weather permitting, we will go hiking. / The sun having set, we headed home.
  6. 6情緒分詞形容詞:The movie is boring.(事物令人無聊)vs I am bored.(人感到無聊)——interesting/interested, exciting/excited, surprising/surprised 同理
  7. 7懸垂分詞(dangling participle)是常見錯誤:分詞的邏輯主詞必須是主要子句的主詞——Walking down the street, the trees looked beautiful. ✕(樹不會走路)

大學學科能力測驗出題趨勢:學測常考:①分詞構句的主動 V-ing/被動 p.p. 判斷(看主要子句主詞與分詞的主被動關係);②Having p.p. 的時間先後;③情緒分詞 -ing/-ed 的選擇;④閱讀測驗中長句的分詞構句解析。作文使用正確的分詞構句可提升句構評分。

108 課綱對應

進階探究・深度解析

主動 V-ing 還是被動 p.p.?唯一判準是「主要子句的主詞」與「分詞動作」的關係:Seen from the plane, the island looks like a heart.——island 是「被看」(被動)→ p.p.;Seeing the island from the plane, we cheered.——we 是「看」的執行者(主動)→ V-ing。學測選擇題永遠在這兩個形式之間設選項,先找主詞、再判主被動,兩步解題。

懸垂分詞是寫作最隱蔽的錯誤:Opening the door, the room was dark. ✕——邏輯上「開門的人」不是 the room。修正法一:改主要子句主詞(Opening the door, I found the room dark.);修正法二:保留子句主詞(When I opened the door, the room was dark.)。學測作文與挑錯題都會出現,檢查口訣:「分詞的動作,主詞做得出來嗎?」

分詞構句的語意多義性:Walking along the street, I met an old friend. 的分詞可解讀為時間(當我走著)、原因、伴隨狀況——正式書寫中若語意關係重要(尤其讓步、條件),保留連接詞更清楚:Though living near the sea, he can't swim.(保留 though 避免誤讀)。學測閱讀遇到分詞構句時,依上下文補回最合理的連接詞,是長句解析的實用技巧。

章節試題(4 題・附詳解)

1.基礎The audience was deeply _____ by the violinist's _____ performance.

測驗重點:情緒分詞形容詞

  1. (A) moved; moving
  2. (B) moving; moved
  3. (C) moved; moved
  4. (D) moving; moving
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(A) moved; moving

「-ed 修飾人的感受、-ing 修飾引發感受的事物」:觀眾(人)「被感動」用 moved;演出(事物)「令人感動」用 moving。moved; moving 的組合正確。

2.中等_____ from the top of Taipei 101, the city lights look like a sea of stars.

測驗重點:主動被動分詞判斷

  1. (A) Seeing
  2. (B) Seen
  3. (C) To see
  4. (D) Having seen
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(B) Seen

分詞的邏輯主詞是主要子句主詞 the city lights——城市燈火是「被看」(被動關係),故用過去分詞 Seen(原句 When they are seen from...,省略 being)。若主詞是人(we),才用主動 Seeing。先找主詞、再判主被動,是分詞構句的解題兩步驟。

3.中等_____ all his money on the trip, Kevin had to walk home from the station.

測驗重點:完成式分詞

  1. (A) Spending
  2. (B) Spent
  3. (C) Having spent
  4. (D) To spend
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(C) Having spent

「花光錢」發生在「走路回家」之前——比主要子句更早發生的動作用完成式分詞 Having + p.p.:Having spent all his money。單純 Spending 表同時發生,不合語意;Spent(被動)錯誤,因 Kevin 是主動花錢。

4.進階下列哪一個句子有「懸垂分詞」(分詞邏輯主詞與主要子句主詞不一致)的錯誤?

測驗重點:懸垂分詞辨誤

  1. (A) Walking into the room, I noticed a strange smell.
  2. (B) Written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
  3. (C) Driving on the highway, the beautiful scenery caught my attention.
  4. (D) Not knowing her phone number, he couldn't contact her.
查看答案與詳解

正確答案:(C) Driving on the highway, the beautiful scenery caught my attention.

(C) 分詞 Driving 的邏輯主詞應是「開車的人」,但主要子句主詞是 the beautiful scenery(風景不會開車)——懸垂分詞錯誤,應改為 Driving on the highway, I was caught by the beautiful scenery. 或 While I was driving...。(A)(B)(D) 的分詞主詞皆與主句主詞一致。

🗣️

韋恩互動美語|AI 英語學習平台

這一章練完了嗎?到韋恩互動美語繼續:AI 口說即時修正、會考/學測專區、AI 課程生成器。

免費體驗